EU- VIETNAM Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) and Investment Protect Agreement (IPA)

On June 30, 2019 the European Council (EC) and Vietnamsigned the EVFTA and IPA. This is the largest free trade Agreement which Vietnam signed which reaches 28 economies European countries.

EVFTA is separated into two agreements, including Trade agreement and Investment agreement. In August, 2018, EU announced the official document of the Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) and the Investment Protection Agreement (now called EVIPA). EVFTA is a comprehensive agreement, high-quality agreement, balancing the benefits for both Vietnam and EU, and in accordance with the provisions of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

The first, EVFTA includes 17 chapters, 2 Protocol and notes which are cover i.e. trade in goods (include general procedures and commitment to market opening), Rules of origin, custom and trade facilitation, the Safety and Health Protection (SPS), Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), commercial services (include general procedures and commit to market opening), investment, trade defense, competition, national enterprises, Government procurement, Intellectual property, Commercial and Sustainable Development, cooperation and capacity building, legal-institutional issues.  Of which, the important parts are in the trade in goods, services fields which EU will abolish about 85,6% the import tax, equivalent to 70,3% the Vietnam’s export turnover after this Agreement is effective. Therefore, most of the products and services exported to Europe, taxes will be abolished. For products and services that are not eligible for incentives, within 7 years after this Agreement takes effect, the EU will abolish import duties on 99.2% of tariff lines equivalent to 99.7% of Vietnam's export turnover. The remaining 0.3% of export turnover will be committed by the EU with tariff quotas with the import tax rate in the quota of 0%.

Goods which are exported from EU to Vietnam will enjoy preferential tariffs. Vietnam will abolish the tariffs bases on each specific timeline, after the Agreement has valid.  Vietnam will abolish the tariffs or 48,5% the tariffs (equivalent to 64,5% import’s turnover). After 7 years, Vietnam will abolish 91,8% the tariffs equivalent to 97,1% export turnover from Vietnam to EU. After 10 years, the level of abolished tariffs will be 98,3% tariffs (equivalent to 99,8% import’s turnover).

Further, Vietnam and EU agree with the contents related to custom procedure, SPS, TBT, trade defense, etc. and make a legal framework for the two parties to cooperate and facilitate export and import of the enterprises.

The fields which Vietnam has a favorable commitment to EU investors include a number of professional services, financial services, telecommunications services, transport services, distribution services. The two sides also made commitments on national treatment in the field of investment, and discuss about the the ways to handle the disputes between investors and the state.

The IPA includes the contents as follow:

The first, the parties commit to give the national treatment and most favored nation treatment with the investment of the other Party's investor, with some exceptions, as well as fair, satisfactory treatment, safe and adequate protection, allowing the freedom to transfer capital and profits from overseas investments, commit to not expropriation, nationalization of assets by investors without adequate compensation, commit to compensate for damages to the investor of the other party similar to domestic or third party investors in case of losses due to war, riots, etc.

Second, in the case of dispute between a party and the Investor of the remaining party, the parties agree to handle the dispute based on the discussion and mediation, reconciliation. In the case the dispute can not be handled by discussion and mediation, reconciliation, the parties will use the specific ways regulated under this Agreement.

ANT Lawyers is a Law firm in Vietnam with international standards, recognized by Legal500, IFLR1000. We are an exclusive Vietnam member of Prea Legal, the global law firm network coverig more than 150  juridictions. The firm provides a range of legal services as following to multinational and domestic clients.

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Can a company purchase intellectual property rights?

A company can “purchase intellectual property rights.” The way that the purchase takes place varies a little, but most commonly it will be in the form of a license.

Protect Intellectual Properties Rights in Vietnam

I’ll use your example of a Harry Potter video game to explain. First, the owner of a copyright (here, the author of Harry Potter) has the exclusive right to distribute her original work. Another right she owns as a part of her copyright is the exclusive right to produce derivative works. A derivative work is any work based off of the original copyrighted work. A videogame based on Harry Potter is a derivative work of the original Harry Potter books.

So, J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter’s author, is the only person in the world that can create derivative works based on Harry Potter. BUT, she can license that right to whomever she would like for a fee. This is why you see Harry Potter videogames being made and t-shirts being sold. A copyright owner can license her copyright to another — or, in other words, you can purchase the right to use a copyright from a copyright holder.

Other intellectual property rights like patents and trademarks have similar licensing schemes to allow the holder of the right to exploit his or her invention.

Source: Quora

ANT Lawyers -  A Law firm in Vietnam is supported by a team of experienced patent, trademark, design attorneys with qualification and skills handling full range of legal services relating to intellectual property in Vietnam.  We have specialized in the preparation and registration of patents, trademarks and designs for our clients.

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Is it necessary to hire a lawyer when applying for a trademark?

The basic answer is No. Applying for a trademark can be done on your own initiative and there are no requirements that a lawyer be involved on your end.

 Trademark registration services in Vietnam 

But, to be honest, it really would be in your best interest to speak with an attorney first. Of course no one wants to hear this, and I hate to be "that guy." However, obviously you care about your company, and you want to make sure it is in the best hands.

Particularly when dealing with IP issue, there are certain fears/concerns about protecting all of your rights. Of the many reasons to hire a lawyer for a Trademark (TM), here are few...

1. The process can be complex and lengthy. You are most likely focused on developing your company and are probably working full-time in that capacity. Taking up this task on your own can really limit your ability to focus on your company.

2. The research and background work required for TM's is also exhaustive and can be tricky. Although you may be able to do this yourself, there is a chance you might make a mistake, overlook something, or simply take a path that is not the best for your company. A lawyer is a safe-guard against these problems.

3. Hiring a lawyer who is business savvy and well-versed in your particular industry cannot only help you with your Trademark (TM), but can also develop a strong business plan moving forward. IP is a particularized field, and getting a lawyer on board who has helped similar clients in the past with IP issues can make a HUGE difference for your business.

If you do decide to go it alone, here is a link to the US TM and Patent Office website; How do I file a Trademark Application? They give you some direction and guidance, as well as links to the relevant documents/forms you will need.

Source: Quora

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How do I register copyright for my songs?

Copyright protection attaches as soon as you fix the song in a "tangible medium."

Though many folks are still under the misapprehension that you have to register your work with Copyright Office to "copyright" it, that hasn't been true for decades. Generally speaking, if you scribble something on a sheet of paper and then someone comes around and copies it, they've violated your copyright in the scribble.

Copyright in Vietnam

On the other hand, if you're just riffing in your bedroom and someone comes by, listens in through your window, and then copies your song, you're probably not going to win on your copyright claim. If you riffed and then recorded it, wrote down the music notation, etc., then you would have secured the copyright at that time.

Note, though, that although registration isn't necessary to protect your work via the Copyright Act, it is a precondition to suing in federal court. So if you write down a song in 2001, discover that someone copied it in 2011, you'd have to register the copyright (even in 2011 or 2012) before you could sue on it. Statutory damages would also be limited to the date you registered onward (i.e., you wouldn't be able to claim statutory damages from 2001 to present).

ANT Lawyers -  A Law firm in Vietnam is supported by a team of experienced copyright with qualification and skills handling full range of legal services relating to intellectual property in Vietnam.  We have specialized in the preparation and registration of patents, trademarks and designs for our clients.

We assist our clients in all steps of the prosecution phase of IP management.

Source: Quora 

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The Valid Transfer Date of Member or Shareholder Rights of Buyer Arising from M&A

The specific time for transferring ownership right of asset is very important in all contracts. This time affects the lawful rights and obligations of not only seller, purchaser but also of the third party.

The most-important principal of civil law is the recognition and respect of agreement between the related parties. It means that the parties may freely decide the specific time for transferring ownership rights. Nonetheless, in some special case such as M&A contract, the specific time is not under the decision of parties.

In legal term of Vietnam, M&A is deemed as similar to split-off, split-up, merger, acquisition of an enterprise, contributing capital to existing enterprise, and purchasing contributed capital of member or shareholder of existing enterprise.

When is the transfer of member or shareholder rights of buyer come into effect in cases of split-off, split-up, merger and consolidations, acquisition?

The Law on Enterprise 2014 provides the definition for each type as follows:

For splitting up enterprise:

“Article 192. Split-up

4.      The splitted-up company shall cease to exist after the new companies are granted Enterprise Business Registration. The new companies are jointly responsible for the unpaid debts, labor contracts, and other liabilities of the splitted-up company, or reach an agreement with the creditors, customers, and employees to decide on one of the new companies to settle such obligations.”

For splitting off enterprise:

“Article 193. Split-off

5.      After business registration, the splitted-off company and new companies are jointly responsible for the unpaid debts, labor contracts, and other liabilities of the splitted-off company, unless otherwise agreed among the splitted-off company, new companies, the splitted-off company’s creditors, customers, and employees.

For merger and consolidations of enterprise:

“Article 193. Consolidation

5.      After business registration, the consolidated companies shall cease to exist; the new company shall take over the lawful rights and interests as well as unpaid debts, labor contract, and other liabilities of the consolidated companies.”

For acquisition of company:

 “Article 195. Acquisition

2.      Procedures for acquisition:

3.      c) After business registration, the acquired companies shall cease to exist; the acquirer shall take over the lawful rights and interests as well as unpaid debts, employment contract, and other liabilities of the acquired companies.”

The above regulations of laws have determined the specific time for ceasing survival, transferring rights and obligations from old entity(ies) to new entity(ies) after split-off, split-up, merger and consolidations, acquisition. This time is specified after completing the legal procedures at competent state authorities.

After being granted an enterprise registration certificate or carrying out business adjustment and registration procedures, the new entity(ies) must (jointly) be responsible for: unpaid debts, labor contracts, and other liabilities, and the old entity(ies) will either cease to exist or still exist with smaller or bigger business. Accordingly, although the buyer and the seller (called collectively the parties participating M&A) have signed a M&A contract which has been agreed to take effect before the completion of legal procedures at state authorities, the buyer has not had any legitimate right yet to the seller. The M&A contract is one of the necessary documents submitted to state authorities to proceed the next legal procedures.

When is the transfer of member or shareholder rights of buyer come into effect in cases of contributing capital to existing enterprise, purchasing contributed capital of member or shareholder of existing enterprise?

The purpose of M&A is to gain control and dominance right of all or part of seller, not merely owning part of the capital or shares of the enterprise as a normal investment activity. With these cases, no new entity is established and no old entity is ceased to exist. The enterprise, after contributing capital or purchasing contributed capital, may have a change in the capital contribution ratio or keep it unchanged, but the information of members and shareholders of the enterprise shall be modified. The Law on Enterprise recognizes the rights of only members of limited liability companies and shareholder of joint stock companies but does not prescribe legal status before becoming a member or shareholder.

When is investor recognized as a legitimate member, shareholder to get the rights and obligations that the law stipulates?

The contribution of sufficient capital as committed is not a decisive factor in being entitled the right of member or shareholder. As well as notifying to the competent authorities is uncertain to generate member and shareholder right. Nevertheless, the Enterprise Law has uniform provisions on this issue as follows:

For joint stock company:

·         Contributing capital:

“Article 124. Offering of shares to existing shareholders

3.      In case the amount of offered shares are not completely purchased by shareholders and recipients the preemptive right, the Board of Directors is entitled to sell the remaining authorized shares to shareholders of the company or other people in a reasonable manner and conditions that are not more convenient than the conditions offered to shareholders, unless otherwise accepted by the General Meeting of Shareholders or shares are sold via a Stock Exchange.

4.      Shares are considered as sold when they are fully paid and information about the purchaser mentioned in Article 121.2 hereof are fully written in the shareholder registration book; from this time, the purchaser shall be come a shareholder of the company.”

·         Purchasing contributed capital:

“Article 126. Share transfer

7.      Recipients of shares in the cases mentioned in this Article shall only become the company’s shareholders from the day on which their information mentioned in Article 121.2 hereof are fully recorded in the shareholder registration book.”

For limited liability company:

·         Purchasing contributed capital:

“Article 53. Transferring contributed capital

2.      The transferring member still has the rights and obligations to the company in proportion to his/her capital until information about the buy mentioned in Article 49.1.(b), (c) and (d) hereof is written on the member registration book.”

Accordingly, when the information of buyer is recorded in member/shareholder registration book, the buyer will officially have the legal rights for members and shareholders. The next legal procedures are intended to notify the competent authority and amend the enterprise registration certificate. The most important content of the registration book is the total amount of contributed capital of each member or shareholder. This is evidence for the ownership in limited liability companies and joint stock companies. For a limited liability company, both registration book and enterprise registration certificate are two proofs of ownership right of the member. However, for joint stock company, only registration book is evidence on shareholder’s ownership right. This is the reason showing important role of registration book.

Depending on each M&A form, the buyer and the seller should attend to the time of termination and generation of legitimate rights and interests, obligations and responsibilities as members and shareholders. M&A aims to purchase and sell a special asset, which is property or capital of an enterprise. With the special assets, the regulation of laws may stipulate strictly depending on case by case which it is suggested the parties consult with law firm in M&A in Vietnam to receive advice.

ANT Lawyers – A Law firm in Vietnam has law offices in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang.  The lawyers at each law offices in Vietnam have consistently made valuable and important contributions to our profession through the cases we handled on daily basis to facilitate business transaction or represented our clients to access justice.

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How can I get copyright?

Copyright can be attained for any original expression of an idea or work. Remember the idea must be in a tangible form; this means that the work that you want to copyright must have a physical presence so that is can be represented to the examiner in that format.

Copyright in Vietnam 

What can be registered as Copyright?

The application for copyright can be made for the following works:

-Literary works such as books and poems

-Dramatic works and theatrical plays

-Cinematographic films and videos

-Original musical works and sound recordings, excluding any actions and words to be included while performing the musical work

-Artistic works such as paintings, photographs and technical drawings including architectural designs

Copyright Registration Process

Registration of copyright can be done through physical as well as through online method and the documents that you require to file the copyright application with the relevant authority are:

1.Work Copies

Copy of the original work that is to be submitted with the examiner (3 copies).

2.Applicant Details

The identity proof of the applicant that should include

-Passport

-Driving License

3. Address Proof

The applicant will have to submit the following as address proof of the applicant

-Utility bills(water and electricity bill)

-Passport

-Rent Agreement if residing in a rented premise.

The application for copyright protection goes through the following process:

1.Filing Application

-The process to complete the filing of the application process might take around 3 days.

-The applicant needs to submit the application with Form-XIV along with all the documents and registration fee.

-If you are submitting the form physically at the Copyright Office then, you need to submit the fee through a Demand Draft.

2.Objection

-The objection on the filed application is raised wherein the applicant has to provide answers to the examiner within the stipulated time period.

-The examiner can also call for a hearing wherein a decision to provide registration or not can be taken. The applicant will have to wait for a period of 30 days before the application is moved onto the next stage.

3. Examination

-Once the objections are cleared the examiner checks the application further for any discrepancies and errors.

-If the examiner finds any discrepancy with the application he will notify the applicant with a discrepancy letter and then the applicant will have to make a reply to the letter justifying the issues that are raised in the examination.

4.Registration

-Once the examination process is done with the applicant will receive notification from the examiner and from there on the person can use the copyright symbol along with his work.

 Source: Quora 

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What is the difference between product design and industrial design?

The name itself conveys the difference.

Product design is about creating product - taking ideas from scratch to finished solutions, most often 1 or 2 pieces of finished products. As a product designer it is not mandatory to have knowledge on manufacturing processes or producing CAD drawings.

Industrial design in Vietnam 

 Industrial design is about creating ideas for mass production, i.e, creating concepts that can be manufactured and be sold. Therefore it requires a bit more work in transferring and customising designs (product designs) to make it ready for manufacturing. You require knowledge of manufacturing processes and operations in order to do your work.

Some key highlights

Product design can be considered to be a subset of Industrial design.

Industrial design can include - product design, furniture design, footwear, and in certain cases fashion and interior design.

You can survive in product design without technical knowledge, but you definitely need to have technical/engineering knowledge to be an industrial designer. Unless you are doing early concept works.

In industrial design you also learn about business aspects, in order to customise the products to match the business and market needs.

In general, product design is more about creating solutions, industrial design is creating solutions and taking them to manufacturing. An industrial designer can be a product designer, but a product designer cannot be industrial designers.

ANT Lawyers -  A Law firm in Vietnam is supported by a team of experienced patent, trademark, design attorneys with qualification and skills handling full range of legal services relating to intellectual property in Vietnam.  We have specialized in the preparation and registration of patents, trademarks and designs for our clients.

We assist our clients in all steps of the prosecution phase of IP management.

Source: Quora 

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Registering Copyright Services in Vietnam

Under Law on Intellectual Property of Vietnam, copyright means rights of an organization or individual to Work which such organization or individual created or owns. In addition, the subject matter of copyright shall comprise literary, artistic and scientific works; the subject matter of copyright related rights shall comprise performances, audio and visual fixation, broadcasts and satellite signals carrying coded programs.

Copyright in Vietnam 

However, in fact, it is challenging to prove the owner’s copyright if there is no prior prepared evidence. A registration of copyright is the most important proof if violation or dispute happens. The copyright registration shall deter infringement, when owner can prove that the Work is protected under copyright law.

With highly professional staff and great experience in intellectual property aspect in Vietnam, ANT Lawyers would like to support you in registering and protecting your copyright and related rights in Vietnam as following:

Our services in copyright registration

-Provision of professional opinions and advice in relation to registration of copyright and related copyright;

-Advising, preparation, drafting, filing and prosecution of registration of copyright and related copyright;

-Provision of professional opinions and advice in relation to license and assignment of copyright and related copyright;

-Appeal and cancellation;

-Proceedings before the judicial authorities.

How to register a copyright or related rights in Vietnam?

Condition of copyright registration

A Work shall be registered its owner’s copyright if it does meet the following conditions:

-The ideas of the Work shall be presented particularly in a visible material

-The Work shall be original (Be made directly by the author without copying from any other works or people).

Required information and document

-Original Power of Attorney (POA) from the Applicant;

-Information of the author such as: Full name, Identify Card Number, Current address, permanent address; …

-Information of the Works such as: Name, the date of publication (if any), the place of Publication (if any); …

-Business registration certificate or establishment certificate (if applicant is association or organization);

-Written promise of being ownership of the work of the applicant;

-Some other specialized document with each specified aspect.

Note: The POA must be signed by the applicant or a duly authorized representative on behalf of the Applicant and no further notarization or legalization is required.

 Duration of copyright protection

-The following rights are protected forever:

-Right to give titles to their works.

-Right to attach their real names or pseudonyms to their works; to have their real names or pseudonyms acknowledged when their works are published or used.

-Right to protect the integrity of their works; and to forbid other persons to modify, edit or distort their works in whatever form, causing harm to the honor and reputation of the author.

The following rights are protected within the stipulated duration in law

-Right to make derivative works;

-Right to display their works to the public;

-Right to reproduce their works;

-Right to distribute or import the original or copies of their works;

-Right to communicate their works to the public by wireless or landline means, electronic information networks or other technical means;

-Right to lease the original or copies of cinematographic works and computer programs;

-Right to reproduce their works.

The protection duration of each type of Work with the above rights shall be different. In particularly, cinematographic works, photographic works, stage works, applied art works and anonymous works shall have a term of protection of fifty (50) years as from the date of first publication. Other work shall be protected for the whole life of the author and for fifty (50) years after his or her death.

ANT Lawyers -  A Law firm in Vietnam is supported by a team of experienced patent, trademark, design attorneys with qualification and skills handling full range of legal services relating to intellectual property rights in Vietnam.  We have specialized in the preparation and registration of patents, trademarks and designs for our clients.

We assist our clients in all steps of the prosecution phase of IP management.

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